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PHP 5 & MYSQL 4.1.x
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Do you get this after the upgrade? ...
Client does not support authentication protocol requested by server; consider upgrading MySQL client. |
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Mounting a hard drive
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This may be simple for some, but, as a bit of a newbie to this process, it wasn't all straight forward. |
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Sendmail
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Having your emails rejected by other servers when using the mail() function? Sendmail will add a header to your message saying that the user that sent the email is not trusted ... usually Apache or PHP. |
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Keeping Server Time Up-to-date
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Ever wanted to keep your server time up-to-date to the millisecond ... maybe that's overkill, but it's accurate ... |
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MSN 7.0 Beta
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Anyone who installed MSN 7.0 and is wondering why they don't have the ability to write? It's because it's part of Office, and if you did a custom install or didn't install everything, you probably don't have it. |
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Apache 1.3 URL Rewriting Guide
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This document supplements the mod_rewrite reference documentation. It describes how one can use Apache's mod_rewrite to solve typical URL-based problems with which webmasters are often confronted. We give detailed descriptions on how to solve each problem by configuring URL rewriting rulesets. |
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Miscellaneous - Environment Variables
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This module keeps track of two additional (non-standard) CGI/SSI environment variables named SCRIPT_URL and SCRIPT_URI. These contain the logical Web-view to the current resource, while the standard CGI/SSI variables SCRIPT_NAME and SCRIPT_FILENAME contain the physical System-view. |
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Configuration Directives - RewriteRule
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The RewriteRule directive is the real rewriting workhorse. The directive can occur more than once. Each directive then defines one single rewriting rule. The definition order of these rules is important, because this order is used when applying the rules at run-time. |
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Configuration Directives - RewriteCond
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The RewriteCond directive defines a rule condition. Precede a RewriteRule directive with one or more RewriteCond directives. The following rewriting rule is only used if its pattern matches the current state of the URI and if these additional conditions apply too. |
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Configuration Directives - RewriteBase
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The RewriteBase directive explicitly sets the base URL for per-directory rewrites. As you will see below, RewriteRule can be used in per-directory config files (.htaccess). There it will act locally, i.e., the local directory prefix is stripped at this stage of processing and your rewriting rules act only on the remainder. At the end it is automatically added back to the path. |
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Configuration Directives - RewriteMap
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The RewriteMap directive defines a Rewriting Map which can be used inside rule substitution strings by the mapping-functions to insert/substitute fields through a key lookup. The source of this lookup can be of various types. |
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Configuration Directives - RewriteLock
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This directive sets the filename for a synchronization lockfile which mod_rewrite needs to communicate with RewriteMap programs. Set this lockfile to a local path (not on a NFS-mounted device) when you want to use a rewriting map-program. It is not required for other types of rewriting maps. |
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Configuration Directives - RewriteLogLevel
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The RewriteLogLevel directive sets the verbosity level of the rewriting logfile. The default level 0 means no logging, while 9 or more means that practically all actions are logged.
To disable the logging of rewriting actions simply set Level to 0. This disables all rewrite action logs.
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Configuration Directives - RewriteLog
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The RewriteLog directive sets the name of the file to which the server logs any rewriting actions it performs. If the name does not begin with a slash ('/') then it is assumed to be relative to the Server Root. The directive should occur only once per server config.
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Configuration Directives - RewriteOptions
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The RewriteOptions directive sets some special options for the current per-server or per-directory configuration. The Option strings can be one of the following:
inherit
This forces the current configuration to inherit the configuration of the parent. In per-virtual-server context this means that the maps, conditions and rules of the main server are inherited. In per-directory context this means that conditions and rules of the parent directory's .htaccess configuration are inherited.
MaxRedirects=number
In order to prevent endless loops of internal redirects issued by per-directory RewriteRules, mod_rewrite aborts the request after reaching a maximum number of such redirects and responds with an 500 Internal Server Error. If you really need more internal redirects than 10 per request, you may increase the default to the desired value. |
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Configuration Directives - RewriteEngine
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One important thing here has to be remembered: Whenever you use parentheses in Pattern or in one of the CondPattern, back-references are internally created which can be used with the strings $N and %N (see below). These are available for creating the strings Substitution and TestString. Figure 2 shows to which locations the back-references are transfered for expansion. |
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Internal Processing - Regex Back-Reference Availability
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One important thing here has to be remembered: Whenever you use parentheses in Pattern or in one of the CondPattern, back-references are internally created which can be used with the strings $N and %N (see below). These are available for creating the strings Substitution and TestString. Figure 2 shows to which locations the back-references are transfered for expansion. |
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Internal Processing - Quoting Special Characters
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As of Apache 1.3.20, special characters in TestString and Substitution strings can be escaped (that is, treated as normal characters without their usual special meaning) by prefixing them with a slosh ('') character. In other words, you can include an actual dollar-sign character in a Substitution string by using '$'; this keeps mod_rewrite from trying to treat it as a backreference. |
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Internal Processing - Ruleset Processing
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Now when mod_rewrite is triggered in these two API phases, it reads the configured rulesets from its configuration structure (which itself was either created on startup for per-server context or during the directory walk of the Apache kernel for per-directory context). Then the URL rewriting engine is started with the contained ruleset (one or more rules together with their conditions). The operation of the URL rewriting engine itself is exactly the same for both configuration contexts. Only the final result processing is different. |
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Internal Processing - API Phases
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The internal processing of this module is very complex but needs to be explained once even to the average user to avoid common mistakes and to let you exploit its full functionality. |
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Module mod_rewrite URL Rewriting Engine
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Status: Extension
Source File: mod_rewrite.c
Module Identifier: rewrite_module
Compatibility: Available in Apache 1.2 and later.
``The great thing about mod_rewrite is it gives you all the configurability and flexibility of Sendmail. The downside to mod_rewrite is that it gives you all the configurability and flexibility of Sendmail.''
-- Brian Behlendorf
Apache Group
`` Despite the tons of examples and docs, mod_rewrite is voodoo. Damned cool voodoo, but still voodoo. ''
-- Brian Moore
bem@news.cmc.net
Welcome to mod_rewrite, the Swiss Army Knife of URL manipulation!
This module uses a rule-based rewriting engine (based on a regular-expression parser) to rewrite requested URLs on the fly. It supports an unlimited number of rules and an unlimited number of attached rule conditions for each rule to provide a really flexible and powerful URL manipulation mechanism. The URL manipulations can depend on various tests, for instance server variables, environment variables, HTTP headers, time stamps and even external database lookups in various formats can be used to achieve a really granular URL matching.
This module operates on the full URLs (including the path-info part) both in per-server context (httpd.conf) and per-directory context (.htaccess) and can even generate query-string parts on result. The rewritten result can lead to internal sub-processing, external request redirection or even to an internal proxy throughput.
But all this functionality and flexibility has its drawback: complexity. So don't expect to understand this entire module in just one day.
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Dell Laptop
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Stupid Dell. Haven't had much luck with these guys. First impression of technical support sucked and the computer isn't that good. |
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PHP, HTTPD with Ensim
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The newest installation of Ensim 4.0 is pretty sweet, except that the default running of php is a CGI API. This sucks because I really like to use
ForceType application/x-httpd-php
... read more for a solution. |
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10.5 Server Error 5xx
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HTTP (Apache) Status Code Definitions
10.5 Server Error 5xx
Response status codes beginning with the digit "5" indicate cases in which the server is aware that it has erred or is incapable of performing the request. Except when responding to a HEAD request, the server SHOULD include an entity containing an explanation of the error situation, and whether it is a temporary or permanent condition. User agents SHOULD display any included entity to the user. These response codes are applicable to any request method.
10.5.1 500 Internal Server Error (Status Code 500)
10.5.2 501 Not Implemented (Status Code 501)
10.5.3 502 Bad Gateway (Status Code 502)
10.5.4 503 Service Unavailable (Status Code 503)
10.5.5 504 Gateway Timeout (Status Code 504)
10.5.6 505 HTTP Version Not Supported (Status Code 505) |
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10.4 Client Error 4xx
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HTTP (Apache) Status Code Definitions
10.4 Client Error 4xx
The 4xx class of status code is intended for cases in which the client seems to have erred. Except when responding to a HEAD request, the server SHOULD include an entity containing an explanation of the error situation, and whether it is a temporary or permanent condition. These status codes are applicable to any request method. User agents SHOULD display any included entity to the user.
If the client is sending data, a server implementation using TCP SHOULD be careful to ensure that the client acknowledges receipt of the packet(s) containing the response, before the server closes the input connection. If the client continues sending data to the server after the close, the server's TCP stack will send a reset packet to the client, which may erase the client's unacknowledged input buffers before they can be read and interpreted by the HTTP application.
10.4.1 400 Bad Request (Status Code 400)
10.4.2 401 Unauthorized (Status Code 401)
10.4.3 402 Payment Required (Status Code 402)
10.4.4 403 Forbidden(Status Code 403)
10.4.5 404 Not Found (Status Code 404)
10.4.6 405 Method Not Allowed (Status Code 405)
10.4.7 406 Not Acceptable (Status Code 406)
10.4.8 407 Proxy Authentication Required (Status Code 407)
10.4.9 408 Request Timeout (Status Code 408)
10.4.10 409 Conflict (Status Code 409)
10.4.11 410 Gone (Status Code 410)
10.4.12 411 Length Required (Status Code 411)
10.4.13 412 Precondition Failed (Status Code 412)
10.4.14 413 Request Entity Too Large (Status Code 413)
10.4.15 414 Request-URI Too Long (Status Code 414)
10.4.16 415 Unsupported Media Type (Status Code 415)
10.4.17 416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable (Status Code 416)
10.4.18 417 Expectation Failed (Status Code 417) |
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10.3 Redirection 3xx
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HTTP (Apache) Status Code Definitions
10.3 Redirection 3xx
This class of status code indicates that further action needs to be taken by the user agent in order to fulfill the request. The action required MAY be carried out by the user agent without interaction with the user if and only if the method used in the second request is GET or HEAD. A client SHOULD detect infinite redirection loops, since such loops generate network traffic for each redirection.
Note: previous versions of this specification recommended a
maximum of five redirections. Content developers should be aware
that there might be clients that implement such a fixed
limitation.
10.3.1 300 Multiple Choices (Status Code 300)
10.3.2 301 Moved Permanently (Status Code 301)
10.3.3 302 Found (Status Code 302)
10.3.4 303 See Other (Status Code 303)
10.3.5 304 Not Modified (Status Code 304)
10.3.6 305 Use Proxy (Status Code 305)
10.3.7 306 (Unused) (Status Code 306)
10.3.8 307 Temporary Redirect (Status Code 307) |
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10.2 Successful 2xx
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HTTP (Apache) Status Code Definitions
This class of status code indicates that the client's request was successfully received, understood, and accepted.
10.2.1 200 OK (Status Code 200)
10.2.2 201 Created (Status Code 201)
10.2.3 202 Accepted (Status Code 202)
10.2.4 203 Non-Authoritative Information (Status Code 203)
10.2.5 204 No Content (Status Code 204)
10.2.6 205 Reset Content (Status Code 205)
10.2.7 206 Partial Content (Status Code 206) |
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10.1 Informational 1xx
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HTTP (Apache) Status Code Definitions
This class of status code indicates a provisional response, consisting only of the Status-Line and optional headers, and is terminated by an empty line. There are no required headers for this class of status code. Since HTTP/1.0 did not define any 1xx status codes, servers MUST NOT send a 1xx response to an HTTP/1.0 client except under experimental conditions.
A client MUST be prepared to accept one or more 1xx status responses prior to a regular response, even if the client does not expect a 100 (Continue) status message. Unexpected 1xx status responses MAY be ignored by a user agent.
Proxies MUST forward 1xx responses, unless the connection between the proxy and its client has been closed, or unless the proxy itself requested the generation of the 1xx response. (For example, if a
proxy adds a "Expect: 100-continue" field when it forwards a request, then it need not forward the corresponding 100 (Continue) response(s).)
10.1.1 100 Continue (Status Code 100)
10.1.2 101 Switching Protocols (Status Code 100)
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warning, got bogus tcp line
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Got an error today in regards to this message "warning, got bogus tcp line;" .. however, when running chkroot manually, no error is reproduced. |
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PHP & MySQL
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Here are some basic wrapper functions that everyone should have for their PHP connection to their MySQL database. |
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Writing Functions with Bash (sh)
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Last article was on how to write a program in bash ... well, next is how to create a function: |
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Writing Programs with Bash (sh)
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For those familiar with Linux and it's variations, you may have run across bash functions (files that start with #!/bin/bash and have the file extension of .sh). They are useful for running cron jobs, especially for those daily backups, etc. |
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IE Shortcuts
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Last article was on Windows shortcuts in general. This one is on specifically Internet Explorer (IE) Shortcuts: |
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WinXP Key Shortcuts 2
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Here is a more complete list of keyboard shortcuts for WinXP: |
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Remove typed in URL's
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Want to remove the typed in URL's in the navbar. For example, you mistyped a website and now, everytime you try to go to the website you intially wanted to go to, this mistype shows up. Well, here's how you get rid of it. |
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Get Rid of the Links Folder in IE for Good
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If you are like me, the stupd links folder is more of a nuisance than anything. Some people like it to put their favorite links in there for quick access, but then that's what the Favorites bar is for, right?
Unfortunately, whenever I delete it, it finds it's way back. |
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Change the Background Appearance of Internet Explorer
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Want to jazz up the way IE looks by using a custom background to replace the usual gray? First, you need a bitmap (.bmp) graphic to use for the background. Warning: if you choose a dark background, the black letters on the toolbars won't show up, so we recommend you use a light colored graphic. The instructions are different depending on whether you use XP Pro or Home: |
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Edit the Contents of the "Open with" Menu
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When you right click a file such as a graphic or doc in Explorer, you can select Open with from the right context menu. This lets you choose a program to use to open the file, instead of the default. This is handy if you just want to view the image instead of edit, for example. |
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More on Changing the Title Bar in Internet Explorer
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Change the Title Bar in Internet Explorer |
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What is thumbs.db? How can I remove thumbs.db?
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This is simply a database that is created to cache the pictures in the folder where the thumbs.db resides. You can save disk space by deleting it. You can also turn off this feature and keep Windows from creating these files by doing the following: |
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How to Selectively Delete Autofill Entries
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Here's how to delete autofill entries in the drop-down box in Internet Explorer that appears when you enter information, such as your email address, in a form. |
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WinXP Shortcuts
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Famous Windows Button Shortcuts: |
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How to Cause the Status Bar to Display in IE 6
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If you open a new IE window and there is no status bar, you may be able to display it by right clicking the link and clicking Open in New Window. To get the status bar to always open when you open a new IE window, try this: |
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Make the Internet Explorer Status Bar Stick
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Make the Internet Explorer Status Bar Stick permanently |
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How to Increase the Number of Simultaneous Downloads in Internet Explorer
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By default, MSIE limits you to two downloads at a time (with one in the queue). This will keep the download speeds reasonable. However, if you have a fast connection (such as 1.5Mbps cable modem or DSL connection), you can increase the number. Here's how: |
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How to Configure XP to reopen folders that were open when you shut down the computer
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You need to shut down or restart the computer, perhaps because you've installed software, but when you log back on you'd like XP to automatically reopen the folders that you had open at shutdown. It's easy to do this: |
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How to Set the Size of the Internet Explorer Window on Opening
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When you open IE, do you always have to resize the window because it's too large or too small? You can change the window size at opening by doing the following: |
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How to Make Additional File Types Appear in Search Results
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By design, Windows XP doesn't include all file types in the search results if you search for files that have specific text strings. This was intended to narrow your search results and exclude file types that would generally not be relevant. Service Pack 1 will add more file types to the search. You can add others (after installing SP1) by assigning the plain text filter to file types that don't appear. Here's how: |
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How to Add More Options to the "Send to" Menu
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The "send to" function in the right context menu is handy; it lets you right click a file and send it to the floppy drive, the desktop, the My Documents folder, a mail recipient, etc. But there might be other places you'd like to be able to quickly send files (for example, to a folder you've created or a network drive). You can add more locations to the Send to menu. Here's how: |
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PHP Mail
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If anyone has sent out mailings from PHP, you may have noticed that your mail may have been rejected. Here's why .... |
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Databases (ie. MySQL) and relational tables
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Is there a better way to use relational tables and speed up queries. |
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regex
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Want a simple way to strip out all non-essential characters from a URL using regex (regular expressions) |
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Crontab - best used for backups
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Crontab's can be your best friend ... they can make your backups/cleanups so easy and effortless. |
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SEO (Search Engine Optimization)
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Search Engine Optimization (SEO) is so simple if done by the right company. |
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MySQL Enum
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Is Enum really that good? I personally don't think so. It seems to more hassle than it's worth. |
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PHP <<< Tag
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This has got to be my favorite way to print out PHP information (<<<) |
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Testing
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This is the beginning of my news files. |
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